diff --git a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/client/client.py b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/client/client.py
index 0bfba14..e589ea3 100644
--- a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/client/client.py
+++ b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/client/client.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ with any other potential backend.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast, Awaitable, Callable, Type
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast, Awaitable, Callable, Type, Optional, Union
 
 import logging
 import urllib.request
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class Client:
     http: ClientSession
     log: TraceLogger
 
-    def __init__(self, user: User, log: TraceLogger | None = None):
+    def __init__(self, user: User, log: Optional[TraceLogger] = None):
         """Create a per-user client object for user-specific client functionality."""
         self.user = user
 
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ class Client:
 
     def get(
         self,
-        url: str | URL,
-        headers: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        url: Union[str, URL],
+        headers: Optional[dict[str, str]] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> _RequestContextManager:
         # TODO Is auth ever needed?
diff --git a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/client/types.py b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/client/types.py
index 47c94fd..07a51c5 100644
--- a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/client/types.py
+++ b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/client/types.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 # along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 """Custom wrapper classes around types defined by the KakaoTalk API."""
 
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
 from attr import dataclass
 
 from mautrix.types import SerializableAttrs
@@ -24,12 +26,12 @@ from ..types.openlink.open_channel_info import OpenChannelInfo
 from ..types.user.channel_user_info import NormalChannelUserInfo, OpenChannelUserInfo
 
 
-ChannelInfoUnion = NormalChannelInfo | OpenChannelInfo
-UserInfoUnion = NormalChannelUserInfo | OpenChannelUserInfo
+ChannelInfoUnion = Union[NormalChannelInfo, OpenChannelInfo]
+UserInfoUnion = Union[NormalChannelUserInfo, OpenChannelUserInfo]
 
 @dataclass
 class PortalChannelInfo(SerializableAttrs):
     name: str
     #participants: list[PuppetUserInfo]
     # TODO Image
-    channel_info: ChannelInfoUnion | None = None # Should be set manually by caller
+    channel_info: Optional[ChannelInfoUnion] = None # Should be set manually by caller
diff --git a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/api/struct/profile.py b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/api/struct/profile.py
index 6065b58..0701930 100644
--- a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/api/struct/profile.py
+++ b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/api/struct/profile.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 #
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 # along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
 from attr import dataclass
 
 from mautrix.types import SerializableAttrs, JSON
@@ -34,9 +36,9 @@ class ProfileFeed(SerializableAttrs):
     downloadId: str
     contents: list[ProfileFeedObject]
     url: str
-    serviceUrl: str | None = None # NOTE Made optional
+    serviceUrl: Optional[str] = None # NOTE Made optional
     webUrl: str
-    serviceWebUrl: str | None = None # NOTE Made optional
+    serviceWebUrl: Optional[str] = None # NOTE Made optional
     updatedAt: int
     cursor: int
     feedMessage: str
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@ class ProfileStruct(SerializableAttrs):
     screenToken: int
     # NEW
     nickname: str
-    userId: int | str | Long # NOTE Should confirm this
+    userId: Union[int, str, Long] # NOTE Should confirm this
     suspended: bool
     meBadge: bool
     # TODO feeds = {feeds: list, last: bool}
diff --git a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/attachment/mention.py b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/attachment/mention.py
index 103a606..c151b1c 100644
--- a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/attachment/mention.py
+++ b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/attachment/mention.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 #
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 # along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+from typing import Union
+
 from attr import dataclass
 
 from mautrix.types import SerializableAttrs
@@ -24,4 +26,4 @@ from ..bson import Long
 class MentionStruct(SerializableAttrs):
     at: list[int]
     len: int
-    user_id: Long | int
+    user_id: Union[Long, int]
diff --git a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/channel/channel_type.py b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/channel/channel_type.py
index 5a0925a..eb97727 100644
--- a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/channel/channel_type.py
+++ b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/channel/channel_type.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class KnownChannelType(str, Enum):
         return str in [KnownChannelType.DirectChat, KnownChannelType.OD]
 
 
-ChannelType = KnownChannelType | str # Substitute for ChannelType = "name1" | ... | "nameN" | str
+ChannelType = Union[KnownChannelType, str] # Substitute for ChannelType = "name1" | ... | "nameN" | str
 
 
 __all__ = [
diff --git a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/channel/meta.py b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/channel/meta.py
index c2bd4c0..92b54b9 100644
--- a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/channel/meta.py
+++ b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/channel/meta.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 #
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 # along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
 from attr import dataclass
 from enum import Enum, IntEnum
 
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ class KnownChannelMetaType(IntEnum):
     OPEN_CHANNEL_CHAT = 13
     BOT = 14
 
-ChannelMetaType = KnownChannelMetaType | int
+ChannelMetaType = Union[KnownChannelMetaType, int]
 
 
 class ChannelClientMetaType(str, Enum):
@@ -53,20 +55,20 @@ class ChannelClientMetaType(str, Enum):
 class ChannelMetaStruct(SerializableAttrs):
     type: ChannelMetaType
     revision: Long
-    authorId: Long | None = None
+    authorId: Optional[Long] = None
     content: str
     updatedAt: int
 
 
 @dataclass(kw_only=True)
 class ChannelClientMetaStruct(SerializableAttrs):
-    name: str | None = None
-    image_path: str | None = None
-    favourite: bool | None = None
-    push_sound: bool | None = None
-    chat_hide: bool | None = None
-    fullImageUrl: str | None = None
-    imageUrl: str | None = None
+    name: Optional[str] = None
+    image_path: Optional[str] = None
+    favourite: Optional[bool] = None
+    push_sound: Optional[bool] = None
+    chat_hide: Optional[bool] = None
+    fullImageUrl: Optional[str] = None
+    imageUrl: Optional[str] = None
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ class TvMetaContent(SerializableAttrs):
 @dataclass(kw_only=True)
 class TvLiveMetaContent(SerializableAttrs):
     url: str
-    live: str | None = 'on'
+    live: Optional[str] = 'on'
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ class LiveTalkInfoOnMetaContent(SerializableAttrs):
     liveon: bool
     title: str
     startTime: int
-    userId: int | Long
+    userId: Union[int, Long]
     csIP: str
     csIP6: str
     csPort: int
@@ -106,17 +108,17 @@ class LiveTalkInfoOnMetaContent(SerializableAttrs):
 @dataclass(kw_only=True)
 class LiveTalkInfoOffMetaContent(SerializableAttrs):
     """Substitute for LiveTalkInfoOffMetaContent extends Partial<LiveTalkInfoOffMetaContent>"""
-    liveon: bool
-    title: str | None = None
-    startTime: int | None = None
-    userId: int | Long | None
-    csIP: str | None = None
-    csIP6: str | None = None
-    csPort: int | None = None
-    callId: str | None = None
+    liveon: bool = False
+    title: Optional[str] = None
+    startTime: Optional[int] = None
+    userId: Union[int, Long, None] = None
+    csIP: Optional[str] = None
+    csIP6: Optional[str] = None
+    csPort: Optional[int] = None
+    callId: Optional[str] = None
 
 
-LiveTalkInfoMetaContent = LiveTalkInfoOnMetaContent | LiveTalkInfoOffMetaContent;
+LiveTalkInfoMetaContent = Union[LiveTalkInfoOnMetaContent, LiveTalkInfoOffMetaContent]
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -147,10 +149,10 @@ BotDelCommandStruct = BotCommandStruct
 
 @dataclass(kw_only=True)
 class BotMetaContent(SerializableAttrs):
-    add: list[BotAddCommandStruct] | None = None
-    update: list[BotAddCommandStruct] | None = None
-    full: list[BotAddCommandStruct] | None = None
-    delete: list[BotDelCommandStruct] | None = field(json="del", default=None)
+    add: Optional[list[BotAddCommandStruct]] = None
+    update: Optional[list[BotAddCommandStruct]] = None
+    full: Optional[list[BotAddCommandStruct]] = None
+    delete: Optional[list[BotDelCommandStruct]] = field(json="del", default=None)
 
 
 __all__ = [
diff --git a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/chat/chat.py b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/chat/chat.py
index 6aeaf21..0f454a4 100644
--- a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/chat/chat.py
+++ b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/chat/chat.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 #
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 # along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
 from attr import dataclass
 
 from mautrix.types import SerializableAttrs
@@ -29,9 +31,9 @@ class ChatTypeComponent(SerializableAttrs):
 
 @dataclass(kw_only=True)
 class Chat(ChatTypeComponent):
-    text: str | None = None
-    attachment: Attachment | None = None
-    supplement: dict | None = None
+    text: Optional[str] = None
+    attachment: Optional[Attachment] = None
+    supplement: Optional[dict] = None
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ class ChatLogLinked(ChatLogged):
 class ChatWritten(Chat):
     sender: ChannelUser
     sendAt: int
-    messageId: int | Long
+    messageId: Union[int, Long]
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ class TypedChatlog(Chatlog, TypedChat):
 
 @dataclass(kw_only=True)
 class ChatOptions(SerializableAttrs):
-    shout: bool | None = None
+    shout: Optional[bool] = None
 
 
 __all__ = [
diff --git a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/chat/chat_type.py b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/chat/chat_type.py
index e65521b..d5406db 100644
--- a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/chat/chat_type.py
+++ b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/chat/chat_type.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 #
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 # along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+from typing import Union
+
 from enum import IntEnum
 
 
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ class KnownChatType(IntEnum):
     OPEN_VOTE = 97
     OPEN_POST = 98
 
-ChatType = KnownChatType | int
+ChatType = Union[KnownChatType, int]
 
 
 DELETED_MESSAGE_OFFSET = 16384;
diff --git a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/client/client_session.py b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/client/client_session.py
index a547d88..d9e3624 100644
--- a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/client/client_session.py
+++ b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/client/client_session.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 # along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-from typing import NewType
+from typing import NewType, Union
 
 from attr import dataclass
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from ..channel.channel_info import ChannelLoginData, NormalChannelData
 from ..openlink.open_channel_info import OpenChannelData
 
 
-ChannelLoginDataItem = NewType("ChannelLoginDataItem", ChannelLoginData[NormalChannelData | OpenChannelData])
+ChannelLoginDataItem = NewType("ChannelLoginDataItem", ChannelLoginData[Union[NormalChannelData, OpenChannelData]])
 
 @deserializer(ChannelLoginDataItem)
 def deserialize_channel_login_data_item(data: JSON) -> ChannelLoginDataItem:
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ setattr(ChannelLoginDataItem, "deserialize", deserialize_channel_login_data_item
 @dataclass
 class LoginResult(SerializableAttrs):
     """Return value of TalkClient.login"""
-    channelList: list[ChannelLoginDataItem] 
+    channelList: list[ChannelLoginDataItem]
     userId: Long
     lastChannelId: Long
     lastTokenId: Long
diff --git a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/openlink/__init__.py b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/openlink/__init__.py
index a850328..7638bcd 100644
--- a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/openlink/__init__.py
+++ b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/openlink/__init__.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from .open_link_user_info import *
 """
 
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Union
 
 from attr import dataclass
 from enum import IntEnum
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class KnownLinkPrivilegeMask(IntEnum):
     NON_SPECIAL_LINK = 512
     USE_BOT = 1024
 
-LinkPrivilegeMask = KnownLinkPrivilegeMask | int | Long;
+LinkPrivilegeMask = Union[KnownLinkPrivilegeMask, int, Long]
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ class OpenPrivilegeComponent(SerializableAttrs):
 @dataclass(kw_only=True)
 class OpenLinkSettings(SerializableAttrs):
     linkName: str
-    linkCoverURL: str | None = None
-    description: str | None = None
+    linkCoverURL: Optional[str] = None
+    description: Optional[str] = None
     searchable: bool
     activated: bool
 
@@ -109,12 +109,12 @@ class InformedOpenLink(SerializableAttrs):
 
 @dataclass(kw_only=True)
 class OpenLinkUpdateTemplate(SerializableAttrs):
-    passcode: str | None = None
+    passcode: Optional[str] = None
 
 
 @dataclass(kw_only=True)
 class OpenLinkCreateTemplate(SerializableAttrs):
-    mainProfileOnly: bool | None = None
+    mainProfileOnly: Optional[bool] = None
 
 
 @dataclass
diff --git a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/request.py b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/request.py
index 204ada3..fa74098 100644
--- a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/request.py
+++ b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/kt/types/request.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 # along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-from typing import Generic, Type, TypeVar
+from typing import Generic, Type, TypeVar, Union
 
 from attr import dataclass
 from enum import IntEnum
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ class KnownDataStatusCode(IntEnum):
     UPDATE_REQUIRED = -999
     SERVER_UNDER_MAINTENANCE = -9797
 
-DataStatusCode = KnownDataStatusCode | int
+DataStatusCode = Union[KnownDataStatusCode, int]
 
 
 @dataclass
 class ResponseState(SerializableAttrs):
-    status: DataStatusCode | KnownAuthStatusCode # NOTE Added KnownAuthStatusCode
+    status: Union[DataStatusCode, KnownAuthStatusCode] # NOTE Added KnownAuthStatusCode
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class CommandResultDoneValue(RootCommandResult, Generic[ResultType]):
 
 def deserialize_result(
     result_type: Type[ResultType], data: JSON
-) -> CommandResultDoneValue[ResultType] | RootCommandResult:
+) -> Union[CommandResultDoneValue[ResultType], RootCommandResult]:
     """Returns equivalent of CommandResult<T>. Does no consistency checking on success & result properties."""
     if "result" in data:
         # TODO Allow arbitrary result object?
diff --git a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/matrix.py b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/matrix.py
index c4ab31d..b8ccba2 100644
--- a/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/matrix.py
+++ b/matrix_appservice_kakaotalk/matrix.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 # along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Union
 import time
 
 from mautrix.bridge import BaseMatrixHandler
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ class MatrixHandler(BaseMatrixHandler):
         """
 
     async def handle_ephemeral_event(
-        self, evt: ReceiptEvent | PresenceEvent | TypingEvent
+        self, evt: Union[ReceiptEvent, PresenceEvent, TypingEvent]
     ) -> None:
         if evt.type == EventType.TYPING:
             await self.handle_typing(evt.room_id, evt.content.user_ids)